MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEM

KIDENDEI SEGERETI S

The internal records system supplies results data, but the marketing intelligence system supplies happenings data. A marketing intelligence system is a set of procedures and sources managers use to obtain everyday information about developments in the marketing environment. Marketing managers collect marketing intelligence by reading books, newspapers, and trade publications; talking to customers, suppliers, and distributors; and meeting with other company managers. A company can take several steps to improve the quality of its marketing intelligence.

 A company can train and motivate the sales force to spot and report new developments. Sales representatives are positioned to pick up information missed by other means, yet they often fail to pass on that information. The company must sell its sales force on their importance as intelligence gatherers. Sales reps should know which types of information to send to which managers. Grace Performance Chemicals, a division of W. R. Grace, supplies materials and chemicals to the construction and packaging industries. Grace sales reps were instructed to observe the innovative ways customers used its products to suggest possible new products. For example, some customers were using Grace waterproofing materials to soundproof their cars and patch boots and tents. Seven new-product ideas emerged in total, worth millions in sales to the company.

                        

 A company can motivate distributors, retailers, and other intermediaries to pass along important intelligence. Many companies hire specialists to gather marketing intelligence. Service providers often send mystery shoppers to their stores to assess how employees treat customers. Mystery shoppers for McDonald's discovered that only 46 percent of its restaurants nationwide met internal speed-of-service standards, forcing the company to rethink processes and training.⁹ Retailers also use mystery shoppers. Neiman Marcus employs a professional shopper agency to shop at its stores nationwide. It finds stores that consistently score high on the service have the best sales. Typical questions their mystery shoppers report on are: How long before a sales associate greeted you? Did the sales associate act as if he or she wanted your business? Was the sales associate knowledgeable about products in stock?.

 A company can network externally. It can purchase competitors' products; attend open houses and trade shows; read competitors' published reports; attend stockholders' meetings; talk to employees, dealers, distributors, suppliers, and freight agents; collect competitors' ads; and look up news stories about competitors. Software developer Cognos created an internal Web site called Street Fighter where any of the firm's 3,000 workers can submit scoops about competitors and win prizes. Competitive intelligence must be done legally and ethically, though. Procter & Gamble reportedly paid a multimillion-dollar settlement to Unilever when some external operatives hired as part of a P&G corporate intelligence program to learn about Unilever's hair care products were found to have engaged in such unethical behavior as dumpster diving.

 A company can set up a customer advisory panel. Members might include representative customers or the company's largest customers or its most outspoken or sophisticated customers. Many business schools have advisory panels made up of alumni and recruiters who provide valuable feedback on the curriculum.

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIO OF KNOWLEDGE

Legacy of the Strong Programme in the sociology of science[edit]

At the point of its conception, the SCOT approach was partly motivated by the ideas of the Strong Programme in the Sociology of Science (Bloor 1973). In their seminal article, Pinch and Bijker refer to the Principle of Symmetry as the most influential tenet of the Sociology of Science, which should be applied in historical and sociological investigations of technology as well. It is strongly connected to Bloor's theory of social causation.

Symmetry[edit]

The Principle of Symmetry holds that in explaining the origins of scientific beliefs, that is, assessing the success and failure of models, theories, or experiments, the historian/sociologist should deploy the same kind of explanation in the cases of success as in cases of failure. When investigating beliefs, researchers should be impartial to the (a posteriori attributed) truth or falsehood of those beliefs, and the explanations should be unbiased. The strong programme adopts a position of relativism or neutralism regarding the arguments that social actors put forward for the acceptance/rejection of any technology. All arguments (social, cultural, political, economic, as well as technical) are to be treated equally.

The symmetry principle addresses the problem that the historian is tempted to explain the success of successful theories by referring to their "objective truth", or inherent "technical superiority", whereas s/he is more likely to put forward sociological explanations (citing political influence or economic reasons) only in the case of failures. For example, having experienced the obvious success of the chain-driven bicycle for decades, it is tempting to attribute its success to its "advanced technology" compared to the "primitiveness" of the Penny Farthing, but if we look closely and symmetrically at their history (as Pinch and Bijker do), we can see that at the beginning bicycles were valued according to quite different standards than nowadays. The early adopters (predominantly young, well-to-do gentlemen) valued the speed, the thrill, and the spectacularity of thePenny Farthing - in contrast to the security and stability of the chain-driven Safety Bicycle. Many other social factors (e.g., the contemporary state of urbanism and transport, women's clothing habits and feminism) have influenced and changed the relative valuations of bicycle models.

A weak reading of the Principle of Symmetry points out that there often are many competing theories or technologies, which all have the potential to provide slightly different solutions to similar problems. In these cases, sociological factors tip the balance between them: that's why we should pay equal attention to them.

A strong, social constructivist reading would add that even the emergence of the questions or problems to be solved are governed by social determinations, so the Principle of Symmetry is applicable even to the apparently purely technical issues.

BY KIDENDEI CEGERETI

Innovate and Disrupt: new challenges and opportunities in the Creative Industries — by Robert DeFillippi

The explosion of technology in the last few decades has caused fundamental disruptions within the creative industries, leading to both excitement and fear for their future. Professor Robert DeFillippi argues that it is vitally important that creative organizations understand the drivers of disruption and devise strategies for coping with these so that threats may be turned into opportunities.

No set of industries has experienced more disruptive change than the so-called creative industries (e.g. publishing, television, film making, design, video games) whose basic technologies and methods of creating and distributing their products and services and monetizing their investments have been disrupted by the revolution in digital technology and the rise of a net savvy generation of culture consumers who demand more choice, more access and a lower price (free is preferable) than any previous generation.

Disruption as commonly understood refers to a transformation in an industry or sector often linked to technology-based innovation in products, services and/or business models. These disruptive innovations typically create business threats and opportunities not nominally predictable from past historical experience and thus require incumbent participants to engage in strategic behavior and organizational practices that represent a departure from past successful and familiar strategies and practices. The academic study of disruption has roots in the academic research and theory of disruption promulgated by Harvard Business School professor Clayton Christensen. The notion of disruption, however, has attracted a wider community of both scholars and practitioners who have recognized the emergence of disruptive phenomena in a widening range of industries and institutional sectors.

A number of factors are driving disruption in industries. These pose both great challenges and potential opportunities for organizations seeking to thrive in this age of disruption.

Hardware and software for digital content creation and editing

During the past thirty years digital content hardware have evolved from analog (physical film media) based to digital (electronic image sensor) devices which has fostered an innovation trajectory of smaller, lighter, more mobile and easier to use devices. Associated with these hardware technology developments has been the improved visual quality and lower costs associated with employing software to edit digital content. These trends have also increased the participation of amateurs in the creative content production arena since there are fewer cost based barriers to entry and individual creative artists can self-manage the content production and editing processes.

Digital platforms for content aggregation and distribution

The Internet and its associated Web 2.0 tools for communications, connectivity (community) and commerce are putting the aggregator (e.g. Google, Amazon) at the center of content distribution. Moreover, the most web savvy aggregators are developing digital platforms that can collect and distribute a wide range of digital content from a variety of sources, both internal and external. These platforms are developing APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) that allow both digital content suppliers and buyers to conduct their respective transactions with the aggregator with ease.

Participatory culture

A major development in a growing number of creative industries is the rise of a participatory culture in which media content consumers are engaging with media products and services as content evaluators, content producers and content co-creators. A key consideration in participatory culture is the altered sensibilities of a new generation of media consumers who are digital natives and accustomed since childhood to actively participate in both the consumption and creation of their media experiences. Moreover, this is a generation that is accustomed to sharing their media creations and media experiences with others online.

DIGITALIZATION

The term digitization is often used when diverse forms of information, such as text, sound, image or voice, are converted into a single binary code. Digital information exists as one of two digits, either 0 or 1. These are known as bits (a contraction of binary digits) and the sequences of 0s and 1s that constitute information are called bytes.^[3]

Analog signals are continuously variable, both in the number of possible values of the signal at a given time, as well as in the number of points in the signal in a given period of time. However, digital signals are discrete in both of those respects – generally a finite sequence of integers – therefore a digitization can, in practical terms, only ever be anapproximation of the signal it represents.

Digitization occurs in two parts:

Discretization

The reading of an analog signal A, and, at regular time intervals (frequency), sampling the value of the signal at the point. Each such reading is called a sample and may be considered to have infinite precision at this stage;

Quantization

Samples are rounded to a fixed set of numbers (such as integers), a process known as quantization.

In general, these can occur at the same time, though they are conceptually distinct.

A series of digital integers can be transformed into an analog output that approximates the original analog signal. Such a transformation is called a DA conversion. The sampling rate and the number of bits used to represent the integers combine to determine how close such an approximation to the analog signal a digitization will be.

Examples[edit]

The term is often used to describe the scanning of analog sources (such as printed photos or taped videos) into computers for editing, but it also can refer to audio (where sampling rate is often measured in kilohertz) and texture map transformations. In this last case, as in normal photos, sampling rate refers to the resolution of the image, often measured in pixels per inch.

Digitizing is the primary way of storing images in a form suitable for transmission and computer processing, whether scanned from two-dimensional analog originals or captured using an image sensor-equipped device such as a digital camera, tomographical instrument such as a CAT scanner, or acquiring precise dimensions from a real-world object, such as a car, using a 3D scanning device.^[4]

Digitizing is central to making a digital representations of geographical features, using raster or vector images, in a geographic information system, i.e., the creation of electronic maps, either from various geographical and satellite imaging (raster) or by digitizing traditional paper maps or graphs^[5][6] (vector).

"Digitization" is also used to describe the process of populating databases with files or data. While this usage is technically inaccurate, it originates with the previously proper use of the term to describe that part of the process involving digitization of analog sources, such as printed pictures and brochures, before uploading to target databases.

Digitizing may also used in the field of apparel, where an image may be recreated with the help of embroidery digitizing software tools and saved as embroidery machine code. This machine code is fed into an embroidery machine and applied to the fabric. The most supported format is DST file. Apparel companies also digitize clothing patterns^{[citation needed]}

Analog signals to digital[edit]

Analog signals are continuous electrical signals; digital signals are non-continuous. Analog signal can be converted to digital signal by ADC.^[7]

Nearly all recorded music has been digitized. About 12 percent of the 500,000+ movies listed on the Internet Movie Database are digitized on DVD.^{[citation needed]}

Handling of analog signal becomes easy ^{[according to whom?]} when it is digitized because the signal is digitized before modulation and transmission. The conversion process of analog to digital consists of two processes: sampling and quantizing.

Digitization of personal multimedia such as home movies, slides, and photographs is a popular method of preserving and sharing older repositories. Slides and photographs may be scanned using an image scanner, but videos are more difficult.^[8]

STEPS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH

Steps in conducting research[edit]

Research is often conducted using the hourglass model structure of research.^[7] The hourglass model starts with a broad spectrum for research, focusing in on the required information through the method of the project (like the neck of the hourglass), then expands the research in the form of discussion and results. The major steps in conducting research are:^[8]

• Identification of research problem
• Literature review
• Specifying the purpose of research
• Determine specific research questions
• Specification of a conceptual framework, usually a set of hypotheses^[9]
• Choice of a methodology (for data collection)
• Data collection
• Verify data
• Analyzing and interpreting the data
• Reporting and evaluating research
• Communicating the research findings and, possibly, recommendations

The steps generally represent the overall process; however, they should be viewed as an ever-changing iterative process rather than a fixed set of steps.^[10] Most research begins with a general statement of the problem, or rather, the purpose for engaging in the study.^[11] The literature review identifies flaws or holes in previous research which provides justification for the study. Often, a literature review is conducted in a given subject area before a research question is identified. A gap in the current literature, as identified by a researcher, then engenders a research question. The research question may be parallel to the hypothesis. The hypothesis is the supposition to be tested. The researcher(s) collects data to test the hypothesis. The researcher(s) then analyzes and interprets the data via a variety of statistical methods, engaging in what is known asempirical research. The results of the data analysis in confirming or failing to reject the Null hypothesis are then reported and evaluated. At the end, the researcher may discuss avenues for further research. However, some researchers advocate for the flip approach: starting with articulating findings and discussion of them, moving "up" to identification research problem that emerging in the findings and literature review introducing the findings. The flip approach is justified by the transactional nature of the research endeavor where research inquiry, research questions, research method, relevant research literature, and so on are not fully known until the findings fully emerged and interpreted.

Rudolph Rummel says, "... no researcher should accept any one or two tests as definitive. It is only when a range of tests are consistent over many kinds of data, researchers, and methods can one have confidence in the results."^[12]

Plato in Meno talks about an inherent difficulty, if not a paradox, of doing research that can be paraphrase in the following way, "If you know what you're searching for, why do you search for it?! [i.e., you have already found it] If you don't know what you're searching for, what are you searching for?!"^[13]

Scientific research[edit]

Main article: Scientific method

Generally, research is understood to follow a certain structural process. Though step order may vary depending on the subject matter and researcher, the following steps are usually part of most formal research, both basic and applied:

1. Observations and Formation of the topic: Consists of the subject area of ones interest and following that subject area to conduct subject related research. The subject area should not be randomly chosen since it requires reading a vast amount of literature on the topic to determine the gap in the literature the researcher intends to narrow. A keen interest in the chosen subject area is advisable. The research will have to be justified by linking its importance to already existing knowledge about the topic.
2. Hypothesis: A testable prediction which designates the relationship between two or more variables.
3. Conceptual definition: Description of a concept by relating it to other concepts.
4. Operational definition: Details in regards to defining the variables and how they will be measured/assessed in the study.
5. Gathering of data: Consists of identifying a population and selecting samples, gathering information from and/or about these samples by using specific research instruments. The instruments used for data collection must be valid and reliable.
6. Analysis of data: Involves breaking down the individual pieces of data in order to draw conclusions about it.
7. Data Interpretation: This can be represented through tables, figures and pictures, and then described in words.
8. Test, revising of hypothesis
9. Conclusion, reiteration if necessary

A common misconception is that a hypothesis will be proven (see, rather, Null hypothesis). Generally, a hypothesis is used to make predictions that can be tested by observing the outcome of an experiment. If the outcome is inconsistent with the hypothesis, then the hypothesis is rejected (see falsifiability). However, if the outcome is consistent with the hypothesis, the experiment is said to support the hypothesis. This careful language is used because researchers recognize that alternative hypotheses may also be consistent with the observations. In this sense, a hypothesis can never be proven, but rather only supported by surviving rounds of scientific testing and, eventually, becoming widely thought of as true.

A useful hypothesis allows prediction and within the accuracy of observation of the time, the prediction will be verified. As the accuracy of observation improves with time, the hypothesis may no longer provide an accurate prediction. In this case, a new hypothesis will arise to challenge the old, and to the extent that the new hypothesis makes more accurate predictions than the old, the new will supplant it. Researchers can also use a null hypothesis, which state no relationship or difference between the independent or dependent variables. A null hypothesis uses a sample of all possible people to make a conclusion about the population.^[14]

The Impact of the Internet on Society: A Global Perspective
by Kidendei Segereti

The Internet is the decisive technology of the Information Age, and with the explosion of wireless communication in the early twenty-first century, we can say that humankind is now almost entirely connected, albeit with great levels of inequality in bandwidth, efficiency, and price.

People, companies, and institutions feel the depth of this technological change, but the speed and scope of the transformation has triggered all manner of utopian and dystopian perceptions that, when examined closely through methodologically rigorous empirical research, turn out not to be accurate. For instance, media often report that intense use of the Internet increases the risk of isolation, alienation, and withdrawal from society, but available evidence shows that the Internet neither isolates people nor reduces their sociability; it actually increases sociability, civic engagement, and the intensity of family and friendship relationships, in all cultures.

Our current “network society” is a product of the digital revolution and some major sociocultural changes. One of these is the rise of the “Me-centered society,” marked by an increased focus on individual growth and a decline in community understood in terms of space, work, family, and ascription in general. But individuation does not mean isolation, or the end of community. Instead, social relationships are being reconstructed on the basis of individual interests, values, and projects. Community is formed through individuals’ quests for like-minded people in a process that combines online interaction with offline interaction, cyberspace, and the local space.

Globally, time spent on social networking sites surpassed time spent on e-mail in November 2007, and the number of social networking users surpassed the number of e-mail users in July 2009. Today, social networking sites are the preferred platforms for all kinds of activities, both business and personal, and sociability has dramatically increased — but it is a different kind of sociability. Most Facebook users visit the site daily, and they connect on multiple dimensions, but only on the dimensions they choose. The virtual life is becoming more social than the physical life, but it is less a virtual reality than a real virtuality, facilitating real-life work and urban living.

CHALLENGES FACING PUBLIC SECTOR INTRANET

All intranet efforts start out with the best intentions. Organizations envision an information hub for their community made up of easy to find websites that are simple to create and maintain. A one-stop shop for all their information needs, if you will. Many of these efforts fail, causing the end users to shudder at the mere mention of such an attempt again. And for government organizations, there are additional challenges when creating an intranet as part of a Digital Government Strategy. This got me thinking about the top three challenges public sector agencies are facing with intranet efforts:

1. Technology enables content proliferation without organization

The most commonly available technology in this space makes it very easy to spin up content that, in turn, creates pretty links to -- you guessed it -- yet more content. As if that weren’t bad enough, the search utilities which accompany most intranets (and indeed most communities generally) are woefully inadequate to assist users in finding the content they seek.
The next thing you know you have an unwieldy beast that lacks a consistent user interface and contains next to impossible to find content. This rapid proliferation of content with no consistent guidelines, design standards or a structured database underneath it can defeat the purpose of such an effort, killing productivity -- and most likely the entire project.

2. Security, Security, Security

It is only natural that a system meant to share information in a world where information has to be protected is a very real concern. The intranet has to be locked down tight to the outside world where necessary and users must be managed according to their appropriate level of access; people must only be able to see, contribute, and share things they are authorized to. It gets even more complicated when intra-agency communication is desired, so not quite to the outside world, but not just to those particular agencies. When creating and maintaining an intranet is already challenging at times, adding security can be completely overwhelming and maybe even paralyzing. Unfortunately, many times the necessary permission structure isn’t thought through until late in the launch process which can create a security and permission management nightmare.

3. Keeping up with the constant evolution of intranet technology

Forums, message boards, Myspace, Facebook, Twitter, blogs, microblogs, Tumblr, user groups, communities of practices… So many ways to communicate and share. How do you keep up? To stay ahead of the proliferation isn’t just taming the lack of organization we spoke about earlier, it’s also about not making the evolution of your intranet beyond painful. Once that happens, you will risk your users going elsewhere, and when they start going to public places like Facebook or LinkedIn, security is completely out of your control.

Drupal, an open-source Content Management System, is often chosen to help power public sector websites, because it helps keep the information and content vital to the website organized, well structured, and easy to use and reuse. It also allows for the consistent creation of websites through theming. In a sector that is naturally rich with content and structured in such a way that the flow of information is already determined, it makes sense that so many use Drupal to help them corral and distribute it. So why not take it one step further than a website, and do what many in the technology sector themselves have already done, and build a community with Drupal. In addition, Drupal is very secure, used by many public sector organizations as well as many in commercial enterprise.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

by KIDENDEI SEGERETI S.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

1. Nobody knows principle : Demand uncertainty
exists because the consumers' reaction to a
product are neither known beforehand, nor
easily understood afterward.
2. Art for art’s sake : Workers care about
originality, technical professional skill, harmony,
etc. of creative goods and are willing to settle
for lower wages than offered by 'humdrum'
jobs.
3. Motley crew principle : For relatively complex
creative products e.g., films the production
requires diversely skilled inputs. Each skilled
input must be present and perform at some
minimum level to produce a valuable outcome.
4. Infinite variety : Products are differentiated
by quality and uniqueness; each product is a
distinct combination of inputs leading to infinite
variety options (e.g., works of creative writing,
whether poetry, novel, screenplays or
otherwise).
5. A list/B list: Skills are vertically
differentiated. Artists are ranked on their
skills, originality, and proficiency in creative
processes and or products. Small differences in
skills and talent may yield huge differences in
(financial) success.
6. Time flies: When coordinating complex
projects with diversely skilled inputs, time is of
the essence.
7. Ars longa : Some creative products have
durability aspects that invoke copyright
protection, allowing a creator or performer to
collect rents.
The properties described by Caves have been
criticized for being too rigid Not
all creative workers are purely driven by 'art
for art's sake'. T property also
holds for certain noncreative products The 'time flies' property also
holds for large construction projects. Creative
industries are therefore not unique, but they
score generally higher on these properties
relative to noncreative industries.

HOW DO WE ACCESS WEB

How Do You Access the Web?

With a Browser. How to access the Web is quite obvious for those people who open their preferred browser multiple times a day. There are many different browsers, running on almost all types of computers running all kinds of operating systems. Nowadays, almost all the browsers are free, but some are more compliant with Web standards than others, which enable them to provide a better user experience on a far greater number of sites.

With Your Voice. However, there are other ways than with a Web browser to access and interact with Web content. Since 1999, it is possible to use your voice to access the Web, and this is called a Voice Browser usable through any fixed or mobile phone. The keypad of the phone and your voice allow you to navigate on the Web, follow links, and fill forms in the same way as the keyboard and the mouse on your computer. Your ears can receive information in the same way as your eyes viewing the screen on your computer. Or through voice access as illustrated above. Almost all phones are now capable to run a mobile browser and access the web. Mobile phones are critically important to extend the reach of the Web, particularly in developing countries where people are far more likely to have access to a mobile phones than a computer. Indeed, more than 4 billion of people have a mobile subscription, and more than 80% of the World population is covered by a mobile network.

How Do You Contribute to the Web?

The Web is not only a space of information, it is a tool to connect people with shared interests. The power of the Web is to enable anybody to share information. For that, people need to have a way to author and publish information.

Thanks to the Web 2.0 revolution, it is now easy to use blog engines, social networks, and content management systems to publish information without any knowledge on HTML, or without any technical expertise.

We are also starting to see voice access for publishing information, as well as accessing information.

Mobile phones also have the capability to empower their users to publish information, using specific mobile blog engines, voice, and simpler mechanism like SMS (see Twitter).  Today, more than 4 billion (and growing) people have mobile phones, and thus have the potential to be creators and consumers of content on the Web.

How Does the Web Compare to Other Ways to Voice Your Opinion?

How can someone without any particular network of relations, without being connected to a specific media, voice an opinion and be heard by the world? It is difficult for an average citizen to publish an article in a newspaper, to appear on TV, or be heard on a radio. To the contrary, it is very easy to publish a document on the Web, and thus be heard by an interested subset of the 1.7 billion (and growing) users of the Web. In addition, voicing an opinion on the Web is inexpensive, if not free (only a couple of minutes in an Internet cafe or at home), immediate, and durable. If the Web site is run well, the content could be available for decades.

The opportunity for anyone to voice an opinion, and to be heard, has been an important contributor to transparency and accountability of governments and industry.  The Web can enable a more participatory democracy, and allow the potential spread information to places where freedom of speech is not encouraged.

CREATIVE CORPORATE COMMUNICATOR

In this digital age, the corporate communicators must be of high capacity in creativity, and this is because the current customers need the innovated products such as smartphones and other that are from creativity mind. There is no copy and paste or going through going back on see what history say, but the issue is to develop something new in the customers’ eyes.

To use social media to connect with customers and allow employees to post project updates or observations on company intranets. For example, the various company use most of time social media to communicate with their customers. They use social media such as Instagram, Facebook and Twitter to listen to their customers, opinions,  complains, and any other important needs from them. Also the communicator must make sure he or she trends with current news of the world because as a communicator every news or information that concerned with his or her organization, must be in hand in order to know how to deal with the information. So the technological devices that can give him or her news must be in his pocket, also communicator must engage in different network societies in different social media such as twitter, face book, Instagram so that to make sure at least every information discussed there, he or she get it. So by doing this, he or she will do his or her works to be diligently because he or she trends with what the communities need in current situation.

Creative industries are those industries that are based on individual creativity, skill and talent with the potential to create wealth and jobs through developing intellectual property includes sectors like advertising, architecture, the art and antiques market, crafts, design, designer fashion, film, interactive leisure software such as video games, music, the performing arts, publishing, software, television and radio, and this is according to United Kingdom definition. This term refers to the social-economic potential of activities that trade with creativity, knowledge and information. Creativeness is wide as it is, but as a communicator one has to take note on everything that goes on with his or her audience. That is why, it is very important to do audience analysis before preparing either a PR campaign or an Advert campaign. This will increase your credibility on being a very good communicator.
Also the corporate communicator must also change the marketing strategies from traditional ways because now days the communicator must consider the network societies that use as real time marketing because many people now days use social media to communicate, sending information and discussing about different stories. So the corporate communicator may engage him or herself in this online society in order to use them as platform for marketing activities that may help the organization to grow faster in this digital age of science and technology.
Creative communicators are the ones who have to show the ways that an organizations have to take in order to bring success in the organizations.

The Impact of Social Media Within Your Organization

In this fast-paced digital age, social media has become a communication phenomenon.Users span all ages and ethnicities, and the tools are being used personally, as well as professionally, across the globe. Despite the growing presence of social media in the workplace, many employers are unsure of how to regulate employee use of networking sites and address questionable employee action. Are you confident that you have a well-crafted social media policy in place that protects your employees and your organization — or could you be headed for legal hot water?

As social media continues to grow and evolve, employers are tasked with determining the risks and rewards of using online tools such as Twitter, Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn, YouTube, blogging, and countless others. It might seem simple enough to outright ban employee use of these sites … but at what cost? Social media is a prominent avenue for managing, monitoring, and promoting your brand; successfully recruiting and hiring strong candidates; targeting and executing sales; and conducting market research. Clearly, employers walk a fine line between maximizing the benefits of these tools while minimizing the legal risks associated with their usage.

Have you considered the ramifications of social media misuse in the workplace if not properly regulated? How would you handle the following situations?

·         An employee in your publicly traded company tweets that "something really big is going to happen tomorrow" at work and "it's going to be a profitable New Year." Is this actionable conduct or simply an act of free speech made during an employee's free time?

·         A manager sends his employee a message to her Facebook that she finds hurtful and demeaning. Is your organization at risk for a sexual harassment lawsuit?

·         After work, an employee posts on her MySpace about a frustrating interaction with a client that day. Is she simply venting, or is your organization liable for negative repercussions?

·         A manager notices that one of her employees is posting hurtful comments about her management style and the way she runs the department on his blog outside of work. He doesn't mention her specifically by name, but she is convinced it's a personal attack and wants action taken. Is your organization required to do so?

If your employees are left to guess what kind of conduct is permissible, you and your organization may be facing serious legal issues in the immediate future. It's imperative that you create, distribute, and enforce a comprehensive social media policy that allows your organization to take advantage of the opportunities while protecting itself against legal risk. In just one hour of insightful training, this program will provide you with strategies for drafting and implementing a policy that promotes a positive, balanced work environment that embraces technology. Your employees will have clear-cut guidelines for what actions are appropriate, and your organization will be protected should any questionable situations arise.

CORPORATE ETHICS

Business ethics (also corporate ethics ) is a form of applied ethics or
professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations. [1]
Business ethics refers to contemporary standards or sets of values that govern the actions and behaviour of an individual in the business organisation.
Business ethics has normative and descriptive dimensions. As a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. Academics attempting to understand business behavior employ descriptive methods. The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the interaction of profit-maximizing behavior with non-economic concerns. Interest in business ethics accelerated dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s, both within major corporations and within academia. For example, most major corporations today promote their commitment to non-economic values under headings such as ethics codes and social responsibility charters. Adam Smith said, "People of the same trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some contrivance to raise prices." [2] Governments use laws and regulations to point business behavior in what they perceive to be beneficial directions. Ethics implicitly regulates areas and details of behavior that lie beyond governmental control. The emergence of large corporations with limited relationships and sensitivity to the communities in which they operate accelerated the development of formal ethics regimes.[3]
History
Business ethical norms reflect the norms of each historical period. As time passes norms evolve, causing accepted behaviors to become objectionable. Business ethics and the resulting behavior evolved as well. Business was involved in slavery , [4][5]
[6] colonialism, [7][8] and the cold war .
[9]
The term 'business ethics' came into common use in the United States in the early 1970s. By the mid-1980s at least 500 courses in business ethics reached 40,000 students, using some twenty textbooks and at least ten casebooks along supported by professional societies, centers and journals of business ethics. The Society for Business Ethics was started in 1980. European business schools adopted business ethics

Cyber politics and globalization

by Kidendei Segereti S

 Cyber politics is an international relation involves political system and network society which result into cyber politics (cyber Activism). Involves the political activities or movement that are activated because of the emergence of internet.  The law of politics, though subject to debate among some political

Cyber activism                                                                  

Is the process whereby a communication technique is used in the internet to create, operate and manage activities in the internet. It allows an organization or individual to utilize social networks and other online technologies to reach and gather followers, broadcast message and progress a cause of movement. Cyber activism is also known as internet activism, online activism or digital activism.

Cyber  activism working principle is to initiate a citizen-based movement toward a specific goal, cause, or objective. The cyber activism uses social networking tools and platforms to share and broadcast mottos and message. This include twitter, face book, YouTube.

As public relation manager can use the cyber politics to motivate the stake holders, to join their promotions advice them on the use of, their products and services and its advantage on them.

The types of cyber activism

Internet-working takes place in the level of the organization and global grass root. These are the communications that take place in the internet in order to initiate a movement within an organization. We use internet in mobilizing people on what they think is right.

The capital and information flow

People may use the internet to generate capital and enhance power the internet can be used to take out the power of those funding political system so that the political system may have no capital and take down the political system. Also people can use the internet to convince people to donate for a certain political system  (the use of the internet to circulate the information that will go viral)

Direct cyberactivism

The direct cyber activism has three types that is

Internet sit(work)in they use internet to spy people movement so that they nay distort the image or reputation of that person.

Hakisim people my hack your internet system so that they may spy your moves, where do you go what are the places that person loves going just to know the person.

Cyber terrorism this involves the use of internet viruses to destroy and create fear to others. For example the fear created to destroy the nuclear system in Iran.

Contesting and construction of the internet people are contesting in finding their political rights in the internet and the solution is to construct the internet in a way that it can be accessed by everyone.

Alternative media people think they need to have a new way of communication. And people can create a certain radio or television station in the internet using their own language that others wouldn’t understand. It is for a specific group of people.

New online community formation internet can form something new in the community. There are community formed where by its purpose is political issue.